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Python 项目管理最佳实践 ​

使用 poetry 来管理项目依赖是一个很好的选择，它可以帮助开发者指定、安装和解决项目中的外部包。

  1. （可选）安装 poetry：

推荐配套使用 Python 3.10+，以下指令可在 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 上安装 Python 3.10：

bash
# Prerequisite
sudo apt update
# Add custom APT repository
sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt update
# Install Python 3.10
sudo apt install python3.10 python3.10-venv python3.10-dev
python3 --version
# Caution: This may cause problem with terminal not open on Ubuntu
sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3
python3 --version
# Install pip for Python 3.10
curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.10
python3.10 -m pip --version

安装 poetry 前推荐安装 pipx 工具：

bash
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
# (optional) To allow pipx actions in global scope.
sudo pipx ensurepath --global
# (optional) To prepend the pipx bin directory to PATH instead of appending it.
sudo pipx ensurepath --prepend

安装 poetry：

bash
pipx install poetry
# (optional) Enable tab completion for Bash.
poetry completions bash >> ~/.bash_completion
# (optional) Enable tab completion for Oh My Zsh.
mkdir $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/poetry
  1. 使用 poetry 创建新项目：
bash
poetry new ${project_name}
cd ${project_name}
# The virtualenv will be created inside the project path and vscode will recognize it.
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true
poetry env use 3.10
  1. 指定 Python 版本： 在 pyproject.toml 文件中，开发者可以指定项目所需的 Python 版本，例如：

pyproject.toml

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.10"
  1. 添加项目依赖
bash
poetry add stable-ts

pyproject.toml

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.10"
stable-ts = "^2.17.2"
  1. 安装依赖
bash
poetry install
  1. 拉起装载依赖的虚拟环境
bash
poetry shell