【译】异星赌场（The Casino on Mars）【原文】

It’s useful to think of crypto as a new planet that’s being settled.

把加密货币视作一颗正在被开拓的新星球，这是个很好的类比。

Skeptics see a desolate planet without purpose. Or worse, a haven for an unsavory casino.

在怀疑论者眼中，这不过是一颗荒芜无用的星球，甚至更糟 —— 是一个声名狼藉的投机天堂。

Optimists see the planet’s potential: a blank slate on which we can build an upgraded financial system and internet platform.

而乐观主义者则看到了这颗星球的无限可能：它是一片未经开发的处女地，我们可以在这里构建一个全新的金融体系和互联网平台。

Early settlers are a mixed bunch. Explorers drawn to the frontier. Speculators, some rough and disreputable. Innovators and researchers, attracted to what’s newly possible. Ordinary people, especially those marginalized on Earth.

早期移民来自各行各业。有被边疆吸引的探险家，有良莠不齐的投机者，有被新技术可能性吸引的创新者和研究人员，还有普通民众，特别是那些在现实世界中处于边缘地位的人们。

Governance remains ambiguous. Some Earthly jurisdictions prohibit their citizens from visiting. Others seek a foothold in the new world.

这个新世界的治理体系仍然模糊不清。一些地球上的司法管辖区禁止其公民涉足其中，而另一些则试图在这片新天地寻求立足之地。

A history of speculation and hype cycles has cast a social taboo over the new planet, leaving many to wonder: what is its future?

由于过去的投机和炒作周期，这颗新星球背负着社会偏见，让很多人不禁要问：它的未来究竟会如何？

Today’s casino-like speculation is part of a bootstrapping process. Much like the gold rush of 1849 transformed San Francisco from a quaint village into a major port (and ultimately the heart of tech innovation), today’s speculative frenzy in crypto is attracting the settlers and catalyzing the infrastructure necessary to turn a barren planet into a thriving crypto civilization.

当前这种类似赌场的投机行为，其实是一个自我发展过程的组成部分。就像1849年的淘金热将旧金山从一个宁静的小村庄转变为重要港口（最终发展成为技术创新中心）一样，当前加密领域的投机热潮正在吸引着移民，并推动着必要基础设施的建设，这终将把这颗荒芜的星球转变为一个繁荣的加密文明。

为什么是加密技术世界？（Why crypto?）

Settling a new planet is a lot of work. Why is it even worth doing?

开拓一个新星球需要付出巨大努力。那么，这样做究竟有什么价值？

A new system of property rights is most needed in places where existing systems fail. Crypto-based money like BTC, ETH, and stablecoins are used worldwide, but they are most differentially adopted by ordinary people in places like Argentina, Turkey, and Ukraine.

在现有制度失效的地方，最需要一个新的产权制度。加密货币 (cryptocurrency) 如 BTC、ETH 和稳定币 (stablecoin) 虽然在全球都有应用，但在阿根廷、土耳其和乌克兰等国家，普通民众对其的接受度尤其高。

Many skeptics wonder when crypto’s “killer app” will arrive, but it turns out it’s already here. A form of first-world privilege is at play for those who can’t see it. Like the fish who asks, “What the hell is water,” crypto can be hard to appreciate when strong property rights, economic freedom, and monetary stability are taken for granted. Ask anyone in Argentina about crypto, and they don’t doubt its usefulness for a moment. Today, crypto money is useful at the low end and speculative at the high end. But it’s improving fast, and—in a classic case of Christensenian disruptive innovation—crypto is rapidly becoming more useful to more people.

许多怀疑论者一直在等待加密货币的"杀手级应用"出现，殊不知它早已存在。那些看不到这一点的人，某种程度上正是因为享有发达国家的特权。就像生活在水中的鱼无法感知水的存在一样，当强有力的产权保护、经济自由和货币稳定成为理所当然，人们就很难理解加密货币的价值。但如果你去问阿根廷的任何一个人关于加密货币的看法，他们都会毫不犹豫地肯定其实用价值。目前，加密货币在基础应用层面展现出实用性，在高端市场则体现出投资属性。但它正在快速发展，这是克里斯坦森颠覆性创新理论 (Christensen's disruptive innovation) 的典型案例 —— 加密货币正在让越来越多的人受益。

Money is the first killer app, but it won’t be the last. Crypto money leads naturally to crypto financial services that are transparent, programmable, and openly accessible. Many lack access to banking due to high costs. Others mistrust a banking system that’s increasingly centralized. Crypto finance offers cheaper, more convenient, and more inclusive solutions. Stablecoin payments are on the rise. Loans are accessible via code rather than an elaborate bank or brokerage process. Even systemic risk can be reduced through global tracking of collateral. Looking beyond money and finance, as crypto infrastructure scales it will enable new consumer applications. We’ll see creators taking ownership in their creativity, and users taking more control over their identities.

货币是第一个杀手级应用，但绝非最后一个。加密货币自然而然地催生了透明、可编程 (programmable) 且开放的加密金融服务。由于传统金融服务成本高昂，许多人无法享受基本的银行服务。还有一些人则对日益集中化的银行体系失去信任。加密金融提供了更经济、便捷且包容的解决方案。稳定币支付正在增长，人们可以通过智能合约 (smart contract) 而非繁琐的银行或经纪流程获得贷款。通过全球化的抵押品追踪，甚至能够降低系统性风险。随着加密基础设施的发展，其应用将扩展到更多消费领域。我们将看到创作者真正拥有其创意作品，用户能更好地掌控自己的数字身份。

Zooming out, the new planet is an opportunity to build anew. Crypto can do for money, finance, and digital property what the internet did for information and media. Many existing systems are brittle and sclerotic—descendants of a pre-digital era. With crypto, we’ll upgrade systems and build new systems that weren’t possible before.

从更宏观的角度看，这个新星球提供了重新构建的机会。加密技术可能会像互联网改变信息和媒体那样，彻底改变货币、金融和数字产权领域。当前的许多系统都显得脆弱而僵化，它们都是前数字时代的产物。通过加密技术，我们不仅可以升级现有系统，还能建立此前无法想象的新型系统。

As importantly, crypto is a bulwark against a world that’s increasingly centralizing. People eagerly choose sides in the war between Big Media vs Big Tech, or Big Banks vs Big Government, but like the boiled frog, we have unknowingly conceded a world in which everything is “Big”. By enabling the small and the many to coordinate, crypto is a vital counterbalance against centralized power and, ultimately a force for freedom in the world.

同样重要的是，加密技术是抵御世界日益集中化的堡垒。在大型媒体与科技巨头、大型银行与政府机构的博弈中，人们往往急于选边站队。就像温水煮青蛙的比喻，我们在不知不觉中已经接受了一个被各种"巨头"主导的世界。加密技术让小型组织和个人能够有效协作，这为对抗权力集中化提供了重要支撑，最终将成为维护世界自由的重要力量。

加密货币投机行为（Speculation and crypto）

Although crypto may have benefits, is all this speculation necessary? It turns out that speculation is not just necessary but also productive.

加密货币可能确实有其优势，但这些投机行为真的有必要吗？事实证明，投机不仅是必要的，而且是推动发展的重要力量。

Speculative investment is integral to technological revolutions. From the telecom and internet boom to the rise of railroads, electricity, and automobiles, new tech breakthroughs are consistently entwined with speculation and asset bubbles on the way to mainstream adoption—a phenomenon that Carlota Perez has documented well. Speculation within crypto helps drive attention and awareness, investment dollars, talent inflows, infrastructure building, academic research, incumbent adoption, and more.

纵观历史，投机投资一直是技术革命中不可或缺的组成部分。从电信和互联网热潮，到铁路、电力和汽车产业的崛起，新技术在成为主流的过程中，总是伴随着投机和资产泡沫 —— 经济学家 Carlota Perez 对这一现象有详尽的研究。在加密货币领域，投机行为实际上推动了公众关注、资金投入、人才引进、基础设施建设、学术研究以及传统机构的参与等多个方面的发展。

But speculation and crypto also have a deeper tie: speculation is the “hello world” of digital property rights. Enable people to create scarce assets, and they’ll tend to trade them around. Just give a group of kids some Pokemon cards and watch what happens. The whole point of a new system of property rights is to reliably record property transfers, so, naturally, people will experiment with them. And if this new system doesn’t yet have broad legitimacy, then the cone of possible futures is wide, so prices will be volatile, and trading activity will look speculative.

投机和加密货币之间还存在更深层的联系：投机就像是数字产权领域的"hello world"（编程入门的第一课）。当人们有能力创造稀缺的数字资产时，自然而然就会开始交易。这就像给一群孩子一些宝可梦卡片，他们很快就会开始交换。新的产权系统的核心目的就是可靠地记录资产转移，因此人们必然会进行各种尝试。当这个新系统还未获得广泛认可时，它的未来充满各种可能，这也就导致了价格的波动和投机性的交易行为。

In the early days of Bitcoin, to think it would someday reach the legitimacy and value it has today seemed crazy—I remember because I was there. Early participants had fun. They mined, contributed, experimented, and even bought pizzas. Now, more than a decade later, BTC and other crypto assets like ETH are well on their way in the transition from speculative toys to global monetary commodities.

我亲身经历了比特币的早期发展，当时如果说它能达到今天这样的认可度和价值，简直会被认为是天方夜谭。早期参与者们都在享受这个过程：挖矿、贡献、实验，甚至用比特币买披萨。如今十多年过去了，比特币 (BTC) 和以太坊 (ETH) 等加密资产正在逐步从投机性的新鲜玩具，转变为全球性的货币商品。

Speculation has also been critical to the growth of crypto as a decentralized financial system. Many financial products have so-called “utility” on one side of the transaction but require speculation to fulfill the other side. For example, a person might need a 30-year mortgage to afford their home, but there is no natural demand to lend for 30 years against a home. Instead, our modern financial system intermediates between the utility demand for a mortgage and the more abstract financial demand for yield. In crypto, an analogous financial system is being built that includes speculative traders, exchange infrastructure providers, market makers, MEV searchers, block builders, DeFi protocols, stablecoin issuers, Uniswap arbitrageurs, and the like. This new crypto financial system requires bootstrapping an N-sided market, which isn’t easy and takes time. But with each passing year, participants become more sophisticated, liquidity increases, and the onchain financial market grows more capable.

投机对加密货币发展成为去中心化金融系统也起到了关键作用。很多金融产品在交易的一方是出于实际需求，而另一方则需要投机来维持平衡。举个例子，有人可能需要30年期的房贷来买房，但几乎没有人会自然而然地想要提供长达30年的房屋抵押贷款。现代金融系统就是通过在实际的贷款需求和追求投资回报的金融需求之间搭建桥梁来解决这个问题。在加密货币领域，一个类似的金融系统正在形成，包括投机交易者、交易所基础设施提供商、做市商、MEV (最大可提取价值) 搜索者、区块构建者、DeFi (去中心化金融) 协议、稳定币发行者和 Uniswap 套利者等角色。建立这样一个多方参与的新金融系统并非易事，需要时间积累。但随着时间推移，参与者越来越专业，市场流动性不断提升，区块链上的金融市场也在逐步完善。

赌场的暗黑面（The casino’s dark side）

Much crypto skepticism is unimaginative, but some is well-earned. Although the casino is a helpful bootstrap, it can also be unsavory and counterproductive.

对加密货币的质疑声中，有些缺乏想象力，但有些确实一针见血。虽然投机交易在早期发展中起到了推动作用，但这种类似赌场的属性也可能带来负面影响，甚至适得其反。

Innovation depends on capital and labor applied to worthy experiments. Too much speculation, airdrop farming, and other shenanigans add noise to the price signal that would otherwise inform productive innovation. Even the most well-meaning entrepreneurs can be tricked by fake prices or distracted by short-term profits, ultimately slowing down the process of building what crypto actually needs.

创新需要将资本和人力投入到有价值的实验中。然而，过度的投机行为、空投收集 (Airdrop Farming) 等投机手段，扰乱了市场本应反映的真实价值。这些虚假的市场信号可能误导甚至是最有诚意的创业者，让他们被短期利润分散注意力，最终延缓了加密货币生态真正需要的基础建设。

Short-term speculation is also a zero-sum game, with sophisticated traders extracting value from newcomers and possibly burning them forever. A free market admits all kinds of participants, and there’s nothing per se wrong with short-term traders as long as they behave legally and ethically. But if we view crypto adoption as partly a social coordination game, then choosing the optimal time horizon can be a prisoner’s dilemma. We might all reach a more inspiring endgame by collectively thinking longer term.

短期投机本质上是一个零和游戏，老练的交易者从新手手中获取利益，这可能让新手永远对这个领域心存芥蒂。自由市场确实会接纳各类参与者，只要短期交易者的行为合法且合乎道德，这本身并没有问题。但如果我们将加密货币的普及视为一个需要社会共同参与的过程，那么如何选择合适的投资周期就变成了一个两难选择：虽然短期获利诱人，但如果所有人都能着眼长远，或许我们能共同达到一个更理想的未来。

Lastly, there are too many bad actors: scammers, rug pulls, and blackhat hackers. Imagine a roving gang of bandits who greet newcomers with a beatdown and a mugging—welcome to San Francisco crypto! Like the Wild West or the early internet, the open frontier enables innovation but also misbehavior. Good actors far outweigh the bad—for example, crypto is lucky to have some of the world’s leading whitehat security experts—but some self-regulation or regulation may be needed.

最后，这个领域存在太多不良参与者：诈骗者、项目方卷款潜逃者和恶意黑客。就像一群强盗在路边殴打和抢劫新来者 —— 这就是旧金山加密圈给人的印象！这种状况让人联想到狂野西部或早期互联网，开放的新领域既带来创新机遇，也滋生了不良行为。值得欣慰的是，好人仍然远多于坏人 —— 比如，加密货币领域吸引了世界顶级的白帽安全专家。但显然，这个领域还需要一定程度的自我约束或外部监管。

为何如此漫长（What’s taking so long?）

Crypto is almost 15 years old. Shouldn’t it be mainstream already?

加密货币已经快15岁了，它不是早该成为主流了吗？

It turns out that settling a new planet takes time, and most people won’t move to the new planet until the infrastructure is mature and it is no longer socially taboo. The tech can only advance so fast. Social diffusion of new ideas can be erratic. And the speculative nature of the asset class leads to cyclical whiplash: one moment crypto is the future of everything, the next moment crypto is dead.

就像开拓新大陆一样，这需要时间。在基础设施完善之前，在社会普遍接纳之前，大多数人都不会冒险迁徙过去。技术的发展有其自然规律，新理念在社会中的传播往往充满变数。更重要的是，加密货币作为一种投机性资产，经常会经历剧烈的周期性波动：今天可能被捧上天，明天就可能被贬得一文不值。

Building social consensus around crypto can be even more challenging than growing a network effect around a communication protocol or a social network. People immediately see the utility of WhatsApp or Instagram since they can communicate with a small number of friends they already know. A new system of property rights is about safely transacting with people you don’t already know or trust and therefore requires more generalized legitimacy. There’s a long way to go, but it’s remarkable that you can already transact with over 100 million people using BTC, ETH, or stablecoins today.

在加密货币领域建立广泛的社会共识，可能比打造一个成功的通讯应用或社交网络更具挑战性。人们很容易就能理解 WhatsApp 或 Instagram 的价值，因为这些应用让他们能够和熟识的朋友保持联系。但加密货币代表的是一个全新的交易体系，它需要让互不相识、互不信任的人之间能够安全交易，这就需要更广泛的社会认可。虽然路还很长，但值得欣慰的是，如今已经有超过1亿人在使用比特币 (BTC)、以太坊 (ETH) 或稳定币进行交易了。

跳出赌场思维（Looking past the casino）

Many of the technologies we now take for granted were once considered impossible, useless, dangerous, and/or fraudulent.

如今我们习以为常的许多技术，在最初都曾被认为是不可能实现的、毫无用处的、危险的，甚至被视为骗局。

Today, Apple is the world’s most valuable company, but when it first went public in 1980, Massachusetts barred sales of Apple stock due to its riskiness. Andy Grove, the CEO of Intel, said in 1992 that “the idea of a personal communicator in every pocket is a pipe dream driven by greed.” A Boston newspaper said of the telephone in 1865: “It is impossible to transmit the human voice over wires… and were it possible to do so, the thing would be of no practical value.”

现在的 Apple 是全球市值最高的公司，但在 1980 年首次公开募股时，马萨诸塞州却因其高风险而禁止其股票销售。Intel 的首席执行官 Andy Grove 在 1992 年曾说："每个人口袋里都带着个人通讯设备的想法，不过是一个由贪婪催生的妄想。"1865 年，一家波士顿报纸这样评价电话："通过电线传输人声是不可能的...就算真能实现，这种东西也不会有任何实际价值。"

Crypto is no different. Bitcoin has famously been proclaimed dead every single year since 2010. People frown on crypto’s perceived riskiness, volatility, and speculative nature. Skeptics argue that the technology won’t scale or is insecure; even if it worked, it would be useless.

加密货币的境遇与此如出一辙。自 2010 年以来，比特币几乎每年都被宣告死亡。人们对加密货币的高风险性、价格波动和投机属性深表忧虑。怀疑者认为这项技术要么无法扩展，要么缺乏安全性；即便技术可行，也不会带来任何实际价值。

There is a strong bias in favor of the status quo and against change. Sometimes, the more disruptive the change, the stronger the skepticism. Crypto touches on profound ideas around money, value, governance, and human coordination. These are not topics that we are accustomed to reconsidering, and it is natural that some people find it absurd to try. But their foundational nature is all the more reason to be open to building something better.

人们天然就倾向于维护现状，抵制变革。往往变革越具颠覆性，遭受的质疑就越强烈。加密货币涉及货币、价值、治理和人类协作等深层次议题。这些议题我们平时很少重新思考，因此有人认为质疑这些概念很荒谬也在情理之中。但正是因为这些概念如此基础和重要，我们更应该以开放的心态去探索更好的可能性。

The presence of skepticism is not an argument against crypto, but equally, it’s not an argument for crypto. Many hyped technologies fail, and crypto may fall short of expectations. The most reliable way to figure this out is to disregard the external environment of skepticism or hype and to think independently. Try visiting the new planet. Look past the speculative activity toward what substantive builders are building and what real people are using.

质疑的存在本身既不能成为否定加密货币的理由，也不能成为支持加密货币的依据。许多备受追捧的技术最终都以失败告终，加密货币也可能无法达到人们的期望。要了解真相，最可靠的方法就是摒弃外部环境中的质疑或炒作，保持独立思考。建议亲身体验这个新兴领域，关注那些认真构建项目的开发者在做什么，以及真实用户在使用什么。

Crypto speculation may sometimes be distasteful, but it’s part of the bootstrapping mechanism for one of the most important technologies of our time.

加密货币投机虽然有时会让人反感，但它是我们这个时代最重要技术之一的自我启动机制 (bootstrapping mechanism) 的重要组成部分。

Special thanks to Vitalik Buterin, Brian Armstrong, Dan Romero, Andrew Huang, and Paradigm team members Fred Ehrsam, Dan Robinson, Charlie Noyes, Georgios Konstantopolous, Arjun Balaji, Frankie, Caitlin Pintavorn, Dave White, Doug Feagin, samczsun, Jackson Dahl, Alana Palmedo, Katie Biber, transmissions11, and Brendan Malone for discussion and feedback.

特别感谢 Vitalik Buterin、Brian Armstrong、Dan Romero、Andrew Huang，以及 Paradigm 团队成员 Fred Ehrsam、Dan Robinson、Charlie Noyes、Georgios Konstantopolous、Arjun Balaji、Frankie、Caitlin Pintavorn、Dave White、Doug Feagin、samczsun、Jackson Dahl、Alana Palmedo、Katie Biber、transmissions11 和 Brendan Malone 的讨论和反馈。

附录（Appendix）

If we think of crypto as a new planet, what implications might that have?

如果我们把加密技术世界 (crypto) 比作一个全新的星球，这会给我们带来哪些启示？

加密货币社区（Crypto Community）

• Crypto is an integrated ecosystem, and we should all work together. Different cities on the new planet have more in common than not. Convincing people on Earth to settle on the new planet, or protecting the planet from ill-considered Earth regulations is more important than maximalist infighting.
• 加密货币是一个相互关联的生态系统，我们都应该携手合作。新星球上的不同城市之间有着诸多共同点。与其让支持不同加密货币的派系之间互相争斗，不如把精力放在吸引更多地球人加入这个新世界，或是保护这个新世界免受地球不合理法规的影响。
• As Vitalik has observed, it may be important for crypto to think about building a full stack. The new planet won’t always be able to rely on Earthly infrastructure. There is the default internet stack: Google, Twitter, Github, credit cards… There is an independent Chinese internet stack: WeChat, Alipay, Weibo, DCEP… And crypto may need to build an independent crypto stack: like the Chinese stack, but instead going in the direction of more openness and self-sovereignty.
• 正如 Vitalik 所指出的，加密货币世界需要建立自己完整的基础设施体系。新世界不能永远依赖地球的基础设施。就像地球上有主流互联网生态（Google、Twitter、Github、信用卡等），也有独立的中国互联网生态（WeChat、Alipay、Weibo、数字人民币等），加密货币世界同样需要建立自己独特的生态系统，但要朝着更开放、更强调个人主权的方向发展。
• It may be healthy for a new planet to have its own culture. We may not actually want crypto to disappear into the background or for the new planet to be maximally similar to Earth.
• 这个新世界拥有自己独特的文化可能是件好事。我们可能并不希望加密货币完全融入现有体系，或者让这个新世界变得与地球一模一样。

建设者（Builders）

• Building a product in crypto is both a technical question (“What can be built on the new planet?”) and a social question (“Will people on the new planet want this?”).
• 在加密货币领域开发产品需要同时考虑技术层面（"在这个新世界能建造什么？"）和社会层面（"新世界的居民需要什么？"）。
• A good source of crypto startup ideas is to think about what early settlers on the new planet might need. The casino goers need food or lodging? Consider building that.
• 思考新世界早期居民的需求是发现创业机会的好方法。比如发现赌场访客需要食宿服务，就可以考虑提供相关服务。
• Another good source of crypto startup ideas is to think about how the new planet is different and what unique products might be enabled. Gravity works differently? New products may be possible as a result.
• 另一个发现创业机会的方法是思考新世界与地球的差异，以及这些差异可能带来的独特机遇。就像重力规则不同可能催生新的产品一样。
• Some products are best thought of as building for settlers on the new planet (DeFi). Others are bridges between the new planet and Earth (CeFi). Still others might be building for Earth using technology from the new planet (Fintech using stablecoins).
• 有些产品主要服务于新世界的居民（去中心化金融），有些则充当连接新旧世界的桥梁（中心化金融），还有些是利用新世界的技术服务地球居民（使用稳定币的金融科技）。
• One failure mode is to build for a mainstream user far before they are ready to move to the new planet. It is better to focus on people already native to the new planet or people on the cusp of visiting.
• 一个常见的错误是过早地为主流用户开发产品，而他们还没准备好接受这个新世界。更明智的做法是专注于服务已经适应新世界的用户，或那些即将进入的人。
• Conversely, another failure mode is to build too much for the early settlers and not enough for the potential waves to come.
• 另一个极端是过分关注早期用户，而忽视了未来可能到来的新用户群体。

现有机构（Incumbents）

• Incumbent Earth businesses have a role to play. Most naturally as a bridge between Earth and the new planet but possibly also in building native products.
• 地球上现有的企业也有其作用，最自然的角色是充当连接新旧世界的桥梁，但也可能参与开发本土产品。
• Think of crypto as an emerging market. It’s as much about adopting a new technology as it is about landing on a new planet with its own culture. Like restaurants adapting menus for different countries or businesses hiring local GMs, it is helpful to adapt your team and product to the new planet’s idiosyncrasies.
• 把加密货币当作一个新兴市场来看待。这不仅关乎采用新技术，更是关乎适应一个有着独特文化的新世界。就像餐厅要根据不同国家调整菜单，企业要聘用当地管理人才一样，让团队和产品适应新世界的特点很重要。
• One failure mode is to misunderstand the unique attributes of the new planet. For example, it was popular for a time for banks to be excited about “blockchain, but not Bitcoin”. That’s like putting up wallpaper to make your bank look more like the new planet. It’s still a bank on Earth and misses the point completely.
• 一个常见的错误是误解新世界的独特属性。比如，银行曾一度热衷于"要区块链，不要比特币"的理念。这就像是在银行外墙上贴张海报，让它看起来像是新世界的一部分。但本质上它仍是地球上的传统银行，完全没有抓住重点。

政策制定者（Policymakers）

• Counterintuitively, crypto might end up being a boon to the US Dollar. USD stablecoins are one of the most popular currencies on the new planet, far more dominant than any other Earth currency.
• 出人意料的是，加密货币可能最终会成为美元的助力。在这个新世界中，美元稳定币的使用程度远超其他任何地球货币。
• It can be tempting to see the Wild West activity on the new planet and to take overly aggressive action, like banning travel to the new planet, or heavily restricting the activity that takes place there. But this will prevent the new planet from getting past this bootstrapping phase to the innovation that is possible in the long run.
• 面对新世界中一些无序的现象，政策制定者可能会倾向于采取激进措施，如禁止进入新世界或严格限制相关活动。但这样做会阻碍新世界度过初创期，影响长期创新的可能性。
• It would be better to take a long-term view. Let there be safe harbors and permissionlessness. Punish bad actors when they commit crimes. But preserve the openness for the good actors to pursue experimentation and innovation.
• 更好的做法是采取长远眼光。为创新预留发展空间，保持准入门槛低；对违法者进行惩处，但同时为善意的创新者保留开放和自由的环境。